If You Have Had Chickenpox Can You Get Them Again

TOEFL

Секция – Reading

Тест на Чтение с xiii вопросами

Название текста – The Chickenpox Vaccine

1 According to the paragraph 1, which of the post-obit is truthful of the chickenpox virus? It leads to a potentially deadly illness in adults. Information technology is associated with a possibly permanent rash. Information technology is easily transmittable by an infected individual. Information technology has been virtually eradicated in the modernistic world.	Chickenpox is a highly contagious communicable diseases acquired by theVaricella zoster virus; sufferers develop a fleeting itchy rash that tin spread throughout the torso. The disease can concluding for up to 14 days and can occur in both children and adults, though the young are particularly vulnerable. Individuals infected with chickenpox can wait to experience a high but tolerable level of discomfort and a fever equally the disease works its way through the organization. The ailment was once considered to exist a "rite of passage" by parents in the U.South. and idea to provide children with greater and improved amnesty to other forms of sickness after in life. This view, however, was altered afterwards boosted inquiry by scientists demonstrated unexpected dangers associated with the virus. Over fourth dimension, the fruits of this research accept transformed attitudes toward the illness and the utility of seeking preemptive measures against it.
two Which of the following all-time expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Wrong respond choices alter the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. U.Due south. parents believed that having chickenpox benefited their children. U.South. parents confirmed that chickenpox led to amnesty against most sickness. U.S. parents wanted to make sure that their children adult chickenpox. U.S. parents did non call up that other vaccinations were needed later chickenpox.	The ailment was once considered to be a "rite of passage" by parents in the U.S. and idea to provide children with greater and improved immunity to other forms of sickness afterwards in life.
3 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 almost the clinical trials for the chickenpox vaccine? They took longer than expected. They price a lot of coin to complete. They took a long fourth dimension to finish. They were ultimately successful.	A vaccine against chickenpox was originally invented by Michiaki Takahashi, a Japanese md and research scientist, in the mid-1960s. Dr. Takahashi began his work to isolate and grow the virus in 1965 and in 1972 began clinical trials with a live only weakened form of the virus that caused the human being trunk to create antibodies. Japan and several other countries began widespread chickenpox vaccination programs in 1974. However, information technology took over twenty years for the chickenpox vaccine to exist approved by the U.South. Food & Drug Assistants (FDA), finally earning the U.South. regime's seal of approval for widespread use in 1995. Yet even though the chickenpox vaccine was available and recommended by the FDA, parents did not immediately choose to vaccinate their children against this disease. Mothers and fathers typically cited the notion that chickenpox did not constitute a serious plenty disease against which a person needed to be vaccinated.
4 The word notion in the passage is closest in meaning to History Findings Fact belief	Mothers and fathers typically cited the notion that chickenpox did not constitute a serious enough disease against which a person needed to be vaccinated.
5 Co-ordinate to paragraph 3, which of the following is true of Varicella Zoster? Information technology typically attacks adults who are over 60 years one-time. It is linked to a serious illness that occurs more than unremarkably in adults. It likely is not a serious enough threat to human health to require a vaccine. It is completely eradicated from the body afterwards chickenpox occurs.	Strong belief in that view eroded when scientists discovered the link betwixt Varicella zoster , the virus that causes chickenpox, and shingles, a far more serious, harmful, and longer-lasting illness in older adults that impacts the nervous system. They reached the conclusion that Varicella zoster remains dormant inside the body, making it significantly more likely for someone to develop shingles. As a result, the medical community in the U.S. encouraged the development, adoption, and use of a vaccine against chickenpox to the public. Although the appearance of chickenpox and shingles within one person tin be many years apart—generally many decades—the increased chance in developing shingles equally a younger adult (30-40 years old rather than 60-lxx years old) proved to exist plenty to convince the medical community that immunization should be preferred to the traditional alternative.
half-dozen The word prevalent in the passage is closest in pregnant to Dangerous Widespread Infectious contaminated	They also feared that information technology increased the odds that a person could become infected with chickenpox afterward as a young adult, when the rash is more painful and prevalent and can last upwardly to three or 4 weeks.
7 The word it in the passage refers to being infected with chickenpox getting a vaccination edifice an immunity developing shingles	They also feared that it increased the odds that a person could become infected with chickenpox later every bit a young adult, when the rash is more painful and prevalent and can last up to three or iv weeks. Hence, assuasive young children to develop chickenpox rather than take a vaccine against it was believed to exist the "lesser of two evils."
8 The author uses booster shots as an example of a scientifically approved medicine to eliminate chickenpox a preferred method of chickenpox rash and fever treatment a fashion to increase the effectiveness of the chickenpox vaccine a strategy for parents to avoid vaccinating their child altogether	They also feared that it increased the odds that a person could go infected with chickenpox later as a immature adult, when the rash is more than painful and prevalent and can last up to three or four weeks. Hence, allowing young children to develop chickenpox rather than take a vaccine against it was believed to exist the "lesser of two evils." This idea inverse over time as booster shots of the vaccine elongated amnesty and countered the perceived limits on the strength of the vaccine itself.
9 The word countered in the passage is closest in pregnant to Affirmed Refuted Supported defied	This thought changed over time as booster shots of the vaccine elongated immunity and countered the perceived limits on the strength of the vaccine itself.
10 According to paragraph 4, many parents did not choose the chickenpox vaccine because they believed that the virus was weak and not especially harmful they thought that scientists did not take enough data to reach a conclusion they were unsure almost the utility of the vaccine given its expected duration they were convinced it was potentially very toxic, especially for older children	Another reason that the chickenpox vaccine was not immediately accepted and used by parents in the U.South. centered on observations made by scientists that the vaccine only did not last long enough and did not confer a lifetime of amnesty. In other words, scientists considered the benefits of the vaccine to be temporary when given to immature children. They besides feared that it increased the odds that a person could become infected with chickenpox later as a young adult, when the rash is more than painful and prevalent and can last up to 3 or four weeks. Hence, allowing young children to develop chickenpox rather than have a vaccine against information technology was believed to exist the "lesser of ii evils." This thought changed over time as booster shots of the vaccine elongated amnesty and countered the perceived limits on the strength of the vaccine itself.
11 Co-ordinate to paragraph v, which of the following was truthful of the rates of chickenpox before the chickenpox vaccine became widely used? it was x times higher it was consistently rising information technology declined over time it fluctuated over several decades	Today, use of the chickenpox vaccine is common throughout the world. Pediatricians propose an initial vaccination shot later on a child turns ane year old, with booster shots recommended after the child turns eight. The vaccine is estimated to be up to 90% effective and has reduced worldwide cases of chickenpox infection to 400,000 cases per year from over four,000,000 cases before vaccination became widespread.
12 Look at the iv squares [▪] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Meanwhile, some go along to remain unconvinced, citing a supposed potential of the vaccine to practise damage. Where would the sentence fit best? ▪ (A) ▪ (B) ▪ (C) ▪ (D)	■ (A) In light of such statistics, near doctors insist that the potential risks of developing shingles outweigh the benefits of fugitive rare complications associated with inoculations. ■ (B) Of class , many parents continue to think of the disease as an innocuous disquiet, refusing to take preemptive steps confronting it. ■ (C) As increasing numbers of children are vaccinated and the virus becomes increasingly rarer, however, even this trend among parents has failed to halt the decline of chickenpox amid the most vulnerable populations. ■ (D)
xiii Directions: Complete the table below past indicating which statements describe chickenpox and which describe shingles. Two respond choices will Not be used. This question is worth 4 points. Chickenpox – 2 answers Shingles – 3 answers Respond Choices It negatively affects the nervous system. Information technology primarily afflicts adults. It was considered an dull but relatively harmless disquiet. Infection primarily occurs as a result of close contact with infected rashes. Public vaccination campaigns confronting it began in the 1970s. There is defoliation as to exactly what virus causes it. It is a serious, lingering affliction.

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